Bus in computer system

Bus in Computer System

In computer systems, all hardware components/ devices are connected with parallel lines on the motherboard. All these lines are used as bits to transfer data from one hardware component/ device to another hardware component/ device. These lines are called bus. It is a pathway made up of cables and connectors that act as a communication path to transfer data between all the hardware components/equipment of a computer system.

The group of wires is called bus.

There are three types of buses:~

1. Data Bus

2. Address Bus

3. Control Bus

1. Data Bus :~ The data bus is made up of one or more parallel signal lines. Which is used to transfer data between different components of a computer. It is an electrical path that connects cpu, memory, input / output devices and secondary storage devices. In this, data can be sent from both sides - for input into cpu and for output from cpu. These data lines are bi-directional, data can also be read from memory through cpu and data in memory can also be written through the same lines. The speed of the data bus depends on the lines, the more the lines, the faster the data can be transferred. The data bus consists of 8, 16, 32 and 64 lines.

2. Address Bus :~ The address bus is also composed of one or more parallel signal lines like the data bus. The address simply identifies the location where the data has to be sent through microprocessor. Whenever the microprocessor needs any data from memory, the address bus sends that data through the data bus in microprocessor. The address bus is unidirectional which only transfers data from microprocessor to memory and memory to microprocessor.

3. Control Bus :~ control bus is used to control the working of data and address lines in the system.