Bihar Board Class 12 English Grammar Modal Auxiliaries

Bihar Board Class 12 English Grammar Modal Auxiliaries

Auxiliary Verb (सहायक क्रिया)-जिस Verb में अपना कोई महत्त्व न हो, किन्तु वह मुख्य Verb के साथ मिलकर Tense के बनने में सहायता करे, उसे Auxiliary Verb अथवा Helping Verb कहा जाता है। जैसे –

1. She is going to school.

2. I have finished my work.

3. You will win a prize.

4. I can solve this question.

List of Auxiliary Verbs:

1. Be:am, is, are, was, were

2. Have, has, bad

3. Do, does, did

4. Shall, should

5. Will, would

6. Can, could

7. May, might

8. Must, have to, am to, etc.

9. Ought to

10. Used to

11. Need

12. Dare

Types of Auxiliaries

सहायक क्रियाएँ दो प्रकार की हो सकती हैं –

(1) Primary AuxiliariesBe :am, is, are, was, were; do, does, did; have, has, had.

(2) Modal AuxiliariesWill, would, shall, should, can, could, may, might, must (am to, is to, are 10. have to, etc.) ought to, used to, need, dare.

The use of Some Modals

Will and Shall का प्रयोग Will और Shall सम्बन्धी प्रयोग के लिए निम्नलिखित नियम ध्यान में रखिए –

In assertive Sentences

(1) यदि किसी भविष्य की घटना का केवल साधारण रूप में ही वर्णन करना हो, तो- First Person के लिए shall का प्रयोग किया जाता है। Second और Third Persons के लिए will का प्रयोग किया जाता है।

I shall finish my work quickly.

(2) यदि वाक्य में किसी भविष्य सम्बन्धी आदेश (command), प्रण (promise), निश्चय (determination), धमकी (threat) आदि का वर्णन हो तो. First Person के लिए will का प्रयोग किया जाता है।

Second और Third Person के लिए shall का प्रयोग किया जाता है।

I will return your money without fail.

(3) यदि वक्ता अपने किसी भविष्य-सम्बन्धी उद्देश्य (intention) को प्रकट करना चाहता हो, तो वह अपने लिए will का प्रयोग करेगा। अर्थात् ऐसे वाक्यों में First Person के साथ will का प्रयोग किया जाता है। .

I will appear in the Senior Secondary Examination next year.

Would तथा Should का प्रयोग

(1) Would का प्रयोग निम्नलिखित हालतों में किया जाता है

Will का Past – I told him that I would come.2. प्रार्थना वाचक – Would you close the window ?3. शर्त वाचक – He would pass if he worked hard.

(2) Should का प्रयोग निम्नलिखित हालतों में किया जाता है –1. उपदेश वाचक – You should give up smoking.2. सम्भावना वाचक – They should be here by now.3. नैतिक फर्ज – You should do your duty.4. Shall का Past – He told me that I should/would pass.

Can तथा Could का प्रयोग

(1) Can का प्रयोग निम्नलिखित हालतों में किया जाता है –

1. योग्यता सूचक – She can dance very well.2. इजाजत सूचक – You can go home now.3.सम्भावना सूचक – It can happen to anyone.4.Pt.Cont. की जगह – I can hear people talking.

(2) Could का प्रयोग निम्नलिखित हालतों में किया जाता है –

1.शर्त वाचक1. I could lift this box (if I tried.)

2. प्रार्थना वाचक1. Could (would) you tell me the time?2. Could (would) you bring me a glass of water.

3. संभावना सूचक1. One of the prisoners escaped yesterday.He could be anywhere now.

4.Can का Past1. He said that I could go.2. He could come to me any time he liked.

May तथा Might का प्रयोग

(1) May का प्रयोग निम्नलिखित हालतों में किया जाता है –

1. अनुमति/इजाजत सूचक1. You may go now.2. May I come in, sir ?

2. सम्भावना सूचक1. His statement may (can/could) be true.2. His plan may (can/could) succeed.

3. इच्छा/प्रार्थना/सूचक1. May you live long !May our country prosper !

(2) Might का प्रयोग निम्नलिखित हालतों में किया जाता है –

1.May का Past1. He said that I might go.2. I thought that he might help her.

2. भावी सम्भावना1. He might (may) pass this year.2. He might (may) reach here by evening.

3. इजाजत होना1.Might I have your pen?2. You might do me a favour.

(May की अपेक्षा Might में अधिक झिझक और विनम्रता का संकेत होता है ।)

Must का प्रयोग

Must का प्रयोग निम्नलिखित हालतों में किया जाता है –

1. उपदेश सूचक1. you must consult some good doctor.2. you must work hard this year.

2. आवश्यकता सूचक1.You must be back by evening.2. The students must bring their  books daily.

3. सम्भावना सूचक1. The child must be hungry.2. He must have made some big mistake.

4. बनधन/मजबूरी सूचक1. You must do as you are told.2. He must his accounts before leaving.

Ought to तथा Used to का प्रयोग

(1) Ought के साथ सदा to का प्रयोग किया जाता है । (Ought to = Should) ought to का प्रयोग (should की तरह) निम्नलिखित हालतों में किया जाता है- .

1. नैतिक फर्ज1. You ought to respect your elders.2. You ought to have helped the poor.

2. इच्छा-योग्य सम्भावना1. You ought to win the race this time.

3. इच्छा-योग्य जरूरत1. He ought to build a new house now.

(इस तालिका में दिए गए सभी वाक्यों में ought to के स्थान पर should का प्रयोग किया जा सकता है।)

(2) Ought की भान्ति used भी एक ऐसा modal है जिसके साथ to का प्रयोग करना जरूरी होतो है –

1. He used to live here.2. He never used to live here.

Need का प्रयोग

(1) Auxiliary के रूप में Need का प्रयोग केवल Negative और Interrogative वाक्यों में किया जाना चाहिए । इसका प्रयोग किसी सन्देह doubt) अथवा मनाही (prohibition) को जोरदार ढंग से व्यक्त करने के लिए किया जाता है।

1. Need you go yet ? No, you needn’t.2. Need she come tomorrow ? No, she needin’t.

(2) Need का Third Person Singular सदा need ही होता है, न कि needs:1. Need Mohan go there now ?2. He need not worry any more.

(3) प्रश्नवाचक वाक्यों में need का प्रयोग तभी किया जाता है जब negative उत्तर वांछित हो।Need you go there ?No, I needn’t.

(4) Interrogative और negative वाक्यों में need के साथ to का प्रयोग नहीं किया जाता है।

Need he do any work?No, he needn’t do any work.

(5) किन्तु निम्नलिखित वाक्यों में need के साथ to का प्रयोग किया जाता है –

1. He need to go mow. (Affirmative)2. He does not need to go now. (Negative)3. Does he need to go now? (Interrogative)

यदि ध्यान से देखा जाए तो पता चलेगा कि इन सभी वाक्यों में need को मुख्य क्रिया ..(Principal Verb) के रूप में प्रयोग किया गया है, न कि Auxiliary के रूप में।

(6) Need not की जगह haven’t got to, don’t have to, don’t need to का प्रयोग किया । जा सकता है।

He need not go.

(7) जब needs का प्रयोग must के साथ किया गया हो, तो यह एक adverb का कार्य कर रहा होता है। वास्तव में needs एक Possessive Case है जिसमें apostrophe (‘) का लोप किया जाता है। इस प्रकार

needs = need’s = of need = of necessity = necessarily (adv.)

इस प्रकार हमने देखा कि needs को एक adverb क्यों माना जाता है।

He must needs finish his work by evening.

Dare का प्रयोग

(1) Auxiliary के रूप में dare का प्रयोग निम्नलिखित हालतों में किया जाता है –

1. Negative वाक्यों में ।2. Interrogative वाक्यों में ।3. सन्देह में (doubt) व्यक्त करने वाले वाक्यों में ।4. ऐसे वाक्यों में जिनमें hardly, never, no one, nobody का प्रयोग किया गया हो।

(2) जब dare का प्रयोग auxiliary के रूप में किया गया हो, तो इसके साथ to का प्रयोग नहीं किया जाता है।(3) Dare का Third Person Singular सदा dare ही होता है, न कि dares. उदाहरण:

(Negative)1. He dare not fight with me.2. He will hardly dare go there again.अब क्या आप बता सकते हैं कि Need और Dare के प्रयोग के सम्बन्ध में कौन-कौन सी बातें एक जैसी हैं?

Important Questions Solved

Question 1.Complete the following sentences with suitable modals given in brackets. (May, must, could will)

1. …..I ask a question ?

2. He ….go to call me tomorrow.

3. Who…..win the race ?

Answer:

1. May

2. must

3. will

Question 2.Fill in the blanks with suitable modals given in the brackets. (shall, should, will, would, may, might, can, could, must)

1. You….pay the examination fee at the nick of time.

2. Labour hard so that you……pass.

3. He….submit the report next week.

Answer:

1. must

2. may

3. must

4. should.

Question 3.Fill in the blanks with suitable modals given in the brackets. (should, might, may)

1. He said that …..do the work.

2. …..God protect you !

3. We….help the poor.

Answer:

1. might

2. may

3. should.

Question 4.Fill in the blanks with suitable modals given in the brackets. (Should, would, ought, needn’t)

1. We ….. to improve the lot of the poor in our country.

2. You ….. have taken all that trouble.

3. He said he …… be moving into his new house next month.

Answer:

1. ought

2. necdn’t

3. would

Question 5.Fill in the blanks with suitable modals given in the brackets : (Would, can ‘t, may, could)

1. My uncle ….. speak five languages.

2. Can I smoke here ? Yes, you …..

3. Can I smoke here ? No, you ..

Answer:

1. could

2. may

3. can’t.

Question 6.Fill in the blanks with suitable modals given in the brackets : (have, needn’t; ought, used to)

1. The driver ……. to have been more careful.

2. I will do it myself. You ……… come.

3. The candidates …….. to appear for an interview

Answer:

1. ought

2. needn’t

3. have

Question 7.Fill in the blanks with suitable modals given in the brackets. (might, can’t, would, could)

1. I said I ….. do it.

2. …. I ask you a question.

3. He ….. hear. He is deaf.

Answer:

1. could

2. Would

3. can’t

Question 8.Fill in the blanks with suitable modals given in the brackets. (ought, shouldn’t can, could)

1. He………. read and write English.

2. He asked if he ………. borrow my bicycle.

3. He ………. worry so much about his matter.

Answer:

1. can

2. coulod

3. shouldn’t

Question 9.Fill in the blanks with suitable modals given in the brackets. (can, used to, must not, could)

1. I don’t want to see your face. You ……..come here again.

2. He ………. come and see me again in a day or two.

3. He wanted to know if he ……… attend the show.

Answer:

1. must not

2. used

3. could

Question 10.Fill in the blanks with suitable modals given in the brackets. (Would, should, would, would)

1. …….. you like to have a cup of tea ?

2. He said that he ……… not come the next day.

3. ………. you please stop talking ?

Answer:

1. Would

2. would

3. Would

Question 11.Fill in the blanks with suitable auriliary verbs. (Board Exam 2009 (Arts)]

1. You …….. not go in this old car.

2. He………. obey the teacher.

3. We ……….. die sooner or later.

Answer:

1. should

2. must

3. have to

Question 12.Fill in the blanks with suitable modal auxiliary verbs. (Board Exam 2009 (Sc. & Com.)]

1. We….. love our country.

2. ……….. hire a taxi.

3. He……….. come to day.

Answer:

1. should

2. must

3. should

Question 13.Fill in the blanks with suitable modal auxiliary verbs. [Model Paper 2010 (A)]

1. This letter ……. be posted by today’s mail.

2. Work hard lest you ……….. fail.

3. We………. always obey our parents.

Answer:

1. must

2. would

3. must or should.

Question 14.Complete the sentences using appropriate forms of modal auxiliary verbs given in brackets : (Model Paper 2010 (A)]

1. I come here so that I ………. get a job. (may/can)

2. She ………. come today morning. (will/must)

3. We being the citizens of India……..serve the country. (must/ought to)

Answer:

1. can

2. will

3. ought to.

Question 15.Fill in the blanks with suitable modals.

1. We…………. help the poor.

2. They ……… do this work.

3. Children ………. obey their parents.

Answer:

1. should

2. must

3. should

Question 16.Fill in the blanks with suitable modal auxiliary verbs. [Model Paper 2010 (A)]

1. …………. you teach me.

2. We ………….. respect our teachers.

3. He …………. work hard for success.

Answer:

1. would

2. should

3. must.

Question 17.Fill in the blanks with suitable model verbs : [Model Paper 2010 (A)]

1. We ………. have a stormy night.

2. He …………speak English fluently.

3. We eat that we ………….. live.

Answer:

1. should

2. can

3. may